During this time, he wrote movie reviews, 88 short stories, and six novels, all of which were rejected for publication. For nine years after his father died, Trumbo worked the night shift wrapping bread at a Los Angeles bakery, and attended the University of California, Los Angeles (1926) and the University of Southern California (1928–1930). Shortly after, he fell ill and died, leaving Dalton to support his mother and siblings. In 1924 Orus Trumbo moved the family to California. He was a member of Delta Tau Delta International Fraternity. He attended the University of Colorado at Boulder in 19, working as a reporter for the Boulder Daily Camera and contributing to the campus humor magazine, the yearbook, and the campus newspaper. While still in high school, he worked for Walter Walker as a cub reporter for the Grand Junction Daily Sentinel, covering courts, the high school, the mortuary and civic organizations. Trumbo graduated from Grand Junction High School. Orus Trumbo worked variously as a shoe clerk and collection agent, never earning enough to keep the family far from poverty. His paternal immigrant ancestor, a Protestant of Swiss origin named Jacob Trumbo, settled in the colony of Virginia in 1736. His family moved to Grand Junction in 1908. Trumbo was born in Montrose, Colorado, the son of Orus Bonham Trumbo and Maud (née Tillery) Trumbo. He finally was given full credit by the Writers' Guild for Roman Holiday in 2011, nearly 60 years after the fact. When he was given public screen credit for both Exodus and Spartacus in 1960, it marked the beginning of the end of the Hollywood Blacklist for Trumbo and other affected screenwriters. His uncredited work won two Academy Awards for Best Story: for Roman Holiday (1953), which was presented to a front writer, and for The Brave One (1956), which was awarded to a pseudonym used by Trumbo. He continued working clandestinely on major films, writing under pseudonyms or other authors' names. Trumbo, the other members of the Hollywood Ten, and hundreds of other professionals in the industry were blacklisted by Hollywood. One of the Hollywood Ten, he refused to testify before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947 during the committee's investigation of alleged Communist influences in the motion picture industry. James Dalton Trumbo (Decem– September 10, 1976) was an American screenwriter who scripted many award-winning films, including Roman Holiday (1953), Exodus, Spartacus (both 1960), and Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944).
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